International benchmark of Entrepreneurs |
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General
The dataset International benchmark of Entrepreneurs contains data about firm entries, firm exits and bankruptcies. Therefore, 9 countries from the EU and additionally the USA and Japan, are included in this set. The figures in this set are comparable across countries and over time.
Additionally, the set has data of fast growing firms with a high employment growth and/or a high sales growth, measured for periods of three years. The performances of these companies are compared to companies with an 'average growth pattern'.
Sources
The main
data sources are:
- National Statistic Buro's (for instance the CBS in the Netherlands)
- Registers like the Chamber of Commerce.
- Eurostat
- Amadeus (Bureau van Dijk)
- Compustat
The dataset has the following variables:
firm dynamics:
number of firm entries
entry rate
share of entries in employment
average size of firm entries
number of firm exits
exit rate
share of exits in employment
number of bankruptcies
bankruptcy rate
share of bankruptcies in firm exits
fast growing enterprises:
percentage of fast growing enterprises for the whole country
average sales for all enterprises - last year of period
average sales for all enterprises - growth rate over whole period
average sales for not fast growing enterprises - last year of period
average sales for not fast growing enterprises - growth rate over whole period
average sales for fast growing enterprises - last year of period
average sales for fast growing enterprises - growth rate over whole period
average number of workers for all enterprises - last year of period
average number of workers for all enterprises - growth rate over whole period
average number of workers for not fast growing enterprises - last year of period
average number of workers for not fast growing enterprises - growth rate over whole period
average number of workers for fast growing enterprises - last year of period
average number of workers for fast growing enterprises - growth rate over whole period
all the variables mentioned above occur in 3 categories: Enterprises with high sales growth, enterprises with high employment growth and enterprises that double in both sales and employment growth. For more information, see chapter 'Additional information'.
The variables can be described in the following way:
Number of firm entries
New entrepreneurs who start a new 'activity' (company) or existing companies/entrepreneurs who start a new 'activity'.
Entry rate
The number of new activities as described above, divided by the total number of companies in a certain country.
Share of entries in employment.
The number of new activities as described above, divided by the total number of workers in a certain country.
Average size of firm entries.
The average number of workers in the new activities.
Number of firm exits.
The number of firms that stopped their activities.
Exit rate.
The number of activities that finished their activities, divided by the total number of companies in a certain country.
Share of exits in Employment. The number of companies that stopped their activities, divided by the total number of workers in a certain country.
Number of bankruptcies.
This variable resembles to exits that have been enforced bij law.
Bankrupty rate.
The number of bankrupties, divided by the total number of companies in a certain country.
Share of bankruptcies in firm exits.
The number of bankruptcies, divided by the total number of companies that stopped their activities.
Percentage of fast growing enterprises for the whole country
The number of fast growing enterprises in relation to all enterprises in a certain country.
Average sales for all enterprises - last year of period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the average sales (in regard to companies) for the last year. There is no distinction between fast and not-fast growing companies.
Average sales for all enterprises - growth rate over whole period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the growthrate of the average sales over the whole period. There is no distinction between fast and not-fast growing companies.
Average sales for not fast growing enterprises - last year of period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the average sales (in regard to companies) for the last year. This fact is related to not-fast growing companies.
Average sales for not fast growing enterprises - growth rate over whole period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the growthrate of the average sales over the whole period. This fact is related to not-fast growing companies.
Average sales for fast growing enterprises - last year of period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the average sales (in regard to companies) for the last year. This fact is related to fast growing companies.
Average sales for fast growing enterprises - growth rate over whole period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the growthrate of the average sales over the whole period. This fact is related to fast growing companies.
Average number of workers for all enterprises - last year of period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the average number of employees (in regard to companies) for the last year. There is no distinction between fast and not-fast growing companies.
Average number of workers for all enterprises - growth rate over whole period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the growthrate of the number of employees over the whole period. There is no distinction between fast and not-fast growing companies.
Average number of workers for not fast growing enterprises - last year of period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the average number of employees (in regard to companies) for the last year. This fact is related to not-fast growing companies.
Average number of workers for not fast growing enterprises - growth rate over whole period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the growthrate of the average number of employees over the whole period. This fact is related to not-fast growing companies.
Average number of workers for fast growing enterprises - last year of period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the average number of employees (in regard to companies) for the last year. This fact is related to fast growing companies
Average number of workers for fast growing enterprises - growth rate over whole period
for a certain 3-years period, this fact tells us the growthrate of the average number of employees over the whole period. This fact is related to fast growing companies.
Countries
The dataset contains the following countries:
- Belgium
- Denmark
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Ireland
- Italy
- the Netherlands
- Great Britain (till 2003-2006)
- United Kingdom (since 2003-2006)
- Spain (since 2003-2006)
- Sweden (since 2003-2006)
- Hungary (since 2003-2006)
- Poland (since 2003-2006)
- Austria (since 2003-2006)
- Czech Republic (since 2003-2006)
- Japan
- United States
- total (total from al the countries mentioned above)
Size-class distribution
The datasets have no size-class distribution. The datasets with the 'fast growing enterprises' contain
only firms that have a number of employees between 50-1000.
Sectors.
There is no sector-distribution. The agrigulture section is not included in the dataset.
Years
Firm dynamics:
The data is starting with the year 1995 till the current year - 2.
Fast growing enterprises:
The data is measured in periods of three years. The first year measured is 1999. The last year measured is the current year - 3.
n.a.
Firm dynamics:
In regard to Belgium and Ireland, there are no data about the firm sizes. Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom have no data about firm exits. In general, in the most recent year some data are not (yet) available.
Fast growing enterprises:
Since the period 2003-2006, there is no data anymore for the group
sales and employment growth together.
For some countries, data of fast growing enterprises is not avialable; i.e. Ireland.
Additional
Information
Firm dynamics:
An (active) enterprise is an enterprise that has at least one working member of at least one hour a week. In regard to entries the following definition is used: A new enterprise that is established by a new entrepreneur (start-up) or an enterprise that is established by an existing entrepreneur, for which 1 person works at least one hour a week.
An Exit is an abolished firm possibly because of a bankruptcy where 1 person worked at least one hour a week. Often, an exit simply means that the entrepreneur voluntary stopped with his company. A Bankruptcy is more specific an exit that has been enforced by law.
The definition of employment is the total number of workers in the private sector excluding agriculture and fishery.
The total labour force is defined as all persons of 15-64 years of age who work, or want to work.
Uniformity: In the cases where countries use other definitions for entries and exits, EIM has made the cases uniform through standard procedures. For this the numbers of the countries are related to the Dutch figures. The data of the firm dynamics are related to both the number of establishments as well as the employment.
Fast growing enterprises:
The dataset concerns medium-sized enterprises in industry, trade, transport and business services.
There are 3 categories of 'fast growing enterprises':
- Enterprises with high sales growth of at least 60% over three years
- Enterprises with high employment growth of at least 60% over three years
- Enterprises that double in both sales (60%) and employment growth (60%) over the last three years.
For each categorie, 5 main types of variables are defined:
- Percentage of fast growing enterprises for the whole country
- Average sales (in regard to companies) - last year of period
- Average sales (in regard to companies) - growth rate over whole period
- Average number of employees (in regard to companies) - last year of period
- Average number of employees (in regard to companies) - growth rate over whole period
The last 4 variabeles (average sales/number of employees) are distinguised in 3 groups:
- fast growing enterprises
- complementary, the not-fast growing enterprises
- all enterprises (fast- and not-fast growing together)
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